4Elements, Amsterdam, Holland

  1. MacMini Server 2011 Part III

    Part III: Installation.

    We are going to use brew to install several libs and programs.
    Big advantage of brew is that it makes simlinks into the local bin, lib and sbin folders.
    No mess as macports or fink (let's say I like this way better)

    ======= Brew =======
    Brew will ask to add and change some path info. You may do this by editing
    BBEdit:

    open /etc/paths
    /usr/local/sbin (infront of /usr/sbin/)
    /usr/local/bin (infront of /usr/bin/)

    Terminal:
    mkdir /usr/local/Cellar

    /usr/bin/ruby -e "$(curl -fsSL https://raw.github.com/gist/323731)"

    Only in case there is an error.
    chown name:admin /usr/local/share
    chown name:admin /usr/local/share/man
    chown name:admin /usr/local/share/man/man1
    chown name:admin /usr/local/Cellar

    Terminal:
    brew update

    brew install GD
    brew install wget
    brew install apc
    brew install libtiff
    brew install ghostscript
    brew install imagemagick
    brew install logrotate
    brew install mcrypt
    brew install qdbm
    brew install memcached
    brew install memcache-php
    brew install memcache-top
    brew install lynx
    brew install smartmontools
    brew install libconfig
    brew install GnuPG
    brew install re2c

    Some extra brews I could use.
    brew install xmlrpc-c
    brew install xml-coreutils
    brew install webfs
    brew install webkit2png

    Read my notes.
    brew install ffmpeg *
    brew install ffmpeg-php *
    brew install rrdtool **
    brew install ruby **
    brew install lsof **
    brew install snort **
    brew install libxml2 **
    brew install cairo **
    brew install squid ****
    brew install webalizer ***
    brew install mysql *****

    * don't use brew for this, I wrote a script that will install it all for you, and this one works smile
    ** only needed if you would like to install system stats in webmin.
    *** do not install trough brew, berkery DB will cause some problems later on. (example squid or when you want to run your own postfix version)
    **** only needed if you would like to run squid proxy.
    ***** Or follow the steps below (recommended)


    ======= Create a work folder =======
    We are going to download some software that we need to compile. The most clean way is to create a folder where we will put all the files.
    My case "work" on your main HD.

    mkdir /work

    ======= Installing FFMPEG and FFMPEG-php =======
    Download my script into the work folder.
    Open terminal and su root.
    cd /work
    wget http://www.4elements.com/files/macmini_server/ffmpegphp_ok.sh.zip
    unzip ffmpegphp_ok.sh.zip
    bash ffmpegphp_ok.sh
    This will take a while.

    ======= Installing MYSQL =======
    Download MYSQL: http://dev.mysql.com/downloads/mysql/
    Pick the "Mac OS X ver 10.6 (x86, 64-bit), DMG" mysql-5.5.16-osx10.6-x86_64.dmg

    Turn mysql on. (system prefs)
    sudo mkdir /var/mysql
    sudo ln -s /tmp/mysql.sock /var/mysql/mysql.sock

    ln -s /usr/local/mysql/bin/mysql /usr/bin/mysql
    ln -s /usr/local/mysql/bin/mysqld /usr/libexec/mysqld

    Add to /etc/paths
    /usr/local/mysql/bin"

    sudo install_name_tool -id /usr/local/mysql/lib/libmysqlclient.18.dylib /usr/local/mysql/lib/libmysqlclient.dylib

    Set up MySQL root password: (without the {})
    /usr/local/mysql/bin/mysqladmin -u root password {password}
    /usr/local/mysql/bin/mysqladmin -u root -p{password} -h localhost password {password}
    /usr/local/mysql/bin/mysqladmin -u root -p{password} reload


    ======= Installing CPAN =======
    Su root
    cpan (OSX 10.7 has 64bit as default, all will be installed as 64bit)

    Parameters for the 'make' command? Typical frequently used setting:

    -j3 # dual processor system (on GNU make)
    your choice -j6

    CPAN Shell> install CPAN
    CPAN Shell> install YAML YAML::Syck

    CPAN Shell> install DBI
    CPAN Shell> install DBD::mysql
    CPAN Shell> install DBD::Pg
    CPAN Shell> install Bundle::DBI Bundle::DBD::mysql Bundle::DBD::Pg
    CPAN Shell> install SQL::Statement Net::SSLeay Authen::PAM Net::LDAP

    webmin, install needed for clamAV module
    CPAN Shell> install Benchmark::Timer
    CPAN Shell> install Mail::Mbox::MessageParser
    CPAN Shell> force install GD
    CPAN Shell> install GD::Graph::lines GD::Text
    CPAN Shell> install Date::Manip
    CPAN Shell> install Compress::Zlib HTML::Entities Getopt::Long IO::File
    CPAN Shell> install Net::SMTP IO::Socket Mail::Internet

    For webmin stats:
    CPAN Shell> install Cwd English CGI::Carp Bundle::LWP
    CPAN Shell> install Date::Calc Bundle::libnet Crypt::SSLeay

    CPAN Shell> install Mail::SPF Net::DNS::Resolver::Programmable
    CPAN Shell> install Bundle::Email Geo::IPfree Net::XWhois SOAP::Lite

    Postgrey
    CPAN Shell> install Net::Server IO::Multiplex Filesys::Virtual::Plain Net::DAV::Server

    http://search.cpan.org and download the following:
    NetAddr::IP
    Data::Dumper
    Digest::MD5
    Storable

    By hand:
    tar xfvz /work/Data-Dumper-2.131.tar.gz
    tar xfvz /work/Digest-MD5-2.51.tar.gz
    tar xfvz /work/NetAddr-IP-4.050.tar.gz
    tar xfvz /work/Storable-2.30.tar.gz

    cd /work/Data-Dumper-2.131
    perl Makefile.pl
    make
    make install
    cd /work/Digest-MD5-2.51
    perl Makefile.pl
    make
    make install
    cd /work/NetAddr-IP-4.050
    perl Makefile.pl
    make
    make install
    cd /work/Storable-2.30
    perl Makefile.pl
    make
    make install

    ======= Apache Mod_perl =======
    cd /work
    wget http://perl.apache.org/dist/mod_perl-2.0-current.tar.gz
    tar xfvz /work/mod_perl-2.0-current.tar.gz
    cd /work/mod_perl-2.0.5
    perl Makefile.PL MP_APXS=/usr/sbin/apxs \
    MP_APR_CONFIG=/usr/bin/apr-1-config

    /etc/apache2/httpd.conf
    LoadModule perl_module libexec/apache2/mod_perl.so

    ======= Apache suexec =======
    cd /work
    wget http://apache.proserve.nl//httpd/httpd-2.2.21.tar.gz
    tar xfvz httpd-2.2.21.tar.gz
    cd /work/httpd-2.2.21
    ./configure --with-layout=Darwin --enable-suexec --with-suexec-caller=_www --with-suexec-docroot=/home2 --with-suexec-userdir=public_html --with-suexec-logfile=/var/log/apache2/suexec_log
    make

    sudo cp /work/httpd-2.2.21/support/suexec /usr/bin/
    sudo chown root:_www /usr/bin/suexec
    sudo chmod 4750 /usr/bin/suexec

    cd /work/httpd-2.2.21/modules/generators
    sudo apxs -i -a -c mod_suexec.c
    (gcc -fpic -DSHARED_MODULE -I/usr/include/apache2 -c mod_suexec.c)

    ======= host =======
    Edit host file:
    goto /etc
    open file "host" with BBEdit.
    127.0.0.1 localhost
    XX.XX.XX.XX Hostname.domainname.com (XX is your static IP, hostname and domainname are your chosen one)

    ======= ProFtp =======
    Install ProFtp proftpd-1.3.4rc2.tar.gz
    cd /work
    wget http://ftp.heanet.ie/mirrors/ftp.proftpd.org/distrib/source/proftpd-1.3.4rc2.tar.gz
    tar xfvz /work/proftpd-1.3.4rc2.tar.gz
    cd /work/proftpd-1.3.4rc2
    ./configure --prefix=/usr/local/proftpd
    make
    make install
    cp /private/etc/pam.d/ftpd /private/etc/pam.d/ftp
    Shell /bin/false for FTP users is not included in /etc/shells, which may prevent FTP access.

    ======= ssl hosting =======
    Cert for ssl hosting:
    openssl genrsa -des3 -out www.yourdomain.com.key 2048
    cat www.yourdomain.com.key
    openssl req -new -key www.yourdomain.com.key -out www.yourdomain.com.csr
    ls -ltr www.yourdomain.*

    openssl x509 -req -days 365 -in www.yourdomain.com.csr -signkey www.yourdomain.com.key -out www.yourdomain.com.crt

    cat www.yourdomain.com.crt

    ======= webalizer =======
    cd /work
    wget ftp://ftp.mrunix.net/pub/webalizer/webalizer-2.23-05-src.tgz
    tar xfvz /work/webalizer-2.23-05-src.tgz
    cd /work/webalizer-2.23-05
    ./configure --with-pnglib=/usr/X11/lib --enable-geoip
    make
    make install

    ======= awstats =======
    http://awstats.sourceforge.net/
    cd /home2
    wget http://sourceforge.net/projects/awstats/files/AWStats/7.0/awstats-7.0.tar.gz
    tar xfvz awstats-7.0.tar.gz
    mv awstats-7.0 awstats
    cd /home2/awstats/tools/
    perl awstats_configure.pl
    cd /home2

    rm -r awstats-7.0.tar.gz

    ======= Postgrey =======
    cd /work
    wget http://pkgs.fedoraproject.org/repo/pkgs/postgrey/postgrey-1.34.tar.gz/f736a7be1094593f1a66cd13f32b39ef/postgrey-1.34.tar.gz
    tar xfvz postgrey-1.34.tar.gz
    cd /work/postgrey-1.34

    mkdir /var/spool/postfix/postgrey
    cp postgrey /var/spool/postfix/postgrey
    cp postgrey_whitelist_clients /etc/postfix/postgrey_whitelist_clients
    cp postgrey_whitelist_recipients /etc/postfix/postgrey_whitelist_recipients
    chown -R _amavisd /var/spool/postfix/postgrey
    chgrp -R _amavisd /var/spool/postfix/postgrey
    chmod -R 755 /var/spool/postfix/postgrey
    /var/spool/postfix/postgrey/postgrey --inet=10023 -d --user=_amavisd --group=_amavisd

    ======= rrdtool =======
    Download rrdtool-1.4.5
    cd /work
    tar xfvz rrdtool-1.4.5.tar.gz
    cd /work/rrdtool-1.4.5

    ./configure
    make && make Install
    On your main HD you will find a folder "opt"

    cp /opt/rrdtool-1.4.5/lib/perl/5.12.3/RRDp.pm /Library/Perl/5.12/RRDp.pm
    cp -r /opt/rrdtool-1.4.5/lib/perl/5.12.3/darwin-thread-multi-2level/auto/RRDp/ /Library/Perl/5.12/darwin-thread-multi-2level/auto/RRDp/
    cp -r /opt/rrdtool-1.4.5/lib/perl/5.12.3/darwin-thread-multi-2level/auto/RRDs/ /Library/Perl/5.12/darwin-thread-multi-2level/auto/RRDs/
    cp /opt/rrdtool-1.4.5/lib/perl/5.12.3/darwin-thread-multi-2level/perllocal.pod /Library/Perl/5.12/darwin-thread-multi-2level/perllocal.pod
    cp /opt/rrdtool-1.4.5/lib/perl/5.12.3/darwin-thread-multi-2level/RRDs.pm /Library/Perl/5.12/darwin-thread-multi-2level/RRDs.pm

    Now open de screen webminstats in webmin, some errrors for some modules that won't work on os x and you get your working webminstats. Turn it on and let it run 1 hour. (nice graphics grin

    ======= Logrotate =======
    /usr/local/sbin/logrotate
    /usr/local/etc/logrotate.conf (download)

    ======= php suhosin =======
    cd /work
    wget http://download.suhosin.org/suhosin-0.9.32.1.tar.gz
    tar xfvz suhosin-0.9.32.1.tar.gz
    cd /work/suhosin-0.9.32.1
    phpize
    ./configure
    make
    make install

    add the folowing to /etc/php.ini
    extension=suhosin.so

    ======= php PEAR =======
    We need PEAR! For some reason, it's not set up ready to on Lion, but the install phar file is here, so we just need to run it.

    cd /usr/lib/php
    sudo php install-pear-nozlib.phar
    Edit /etc/php.ini and find the line: ;include_path = ".:/php/includes" and change it to:
    include_path = ".:/usr/lib/php/pear"
    sudo pear channel-update pear.php.net
    sudo pecl channel-update pecl.php.net
    sudo pear upgrade-all

    PHPUnit and friends
    I assume that everyone needs these…
    sudo pear channel-discover pear.phpunit.de
    sudo pear channel-discover components.ez.no
    sudo pear channel-discover pear.symfony-project.com
    sudo pear install phpunit/PHPUnit
    sudo pear install phpunit/phpcpd
    sudo pear install PHP_CodeSniffer

    ======= php PECL OAuth =======
    A couple of projects I work on use the PECL OAuth component:
    cd /work
    wget http://sourceforge.net/projects/pcre/files/pcre/8.12/pcre-8.12.tar.gz
    tar xfvz pcre-8.12.tar.gz
    cd /work/pcre-8.12
    ./configure
    sudo cp pcre.h /usr/include/
    Remove the pcre folder on your desktop as you don't need it any more
    sudo pecl install oauth
    Edit/etc/php.ini add these lines to the end of the file:

    [oauth]
    extension=oauth.so
    Restart apache: sudo apachectl restart and check in the phpinfo that OAuth is now loaded.

    ======= php mcrypt =======
    cd /work
    wget http://sourceforge.net/projects/mcrypt/files/Libmcrypt/2.5.8/libmcrypt-2.5.8.tar.gz
    tar xfvz libmcrypt-2.5.8.tar.gz
    cd /work/libmcrypt-2.5.8
    MACOSX_DEPLOYMENT_TARGET=10.7 CFLAGS='-O3 -fno-common -arch i386 -arch x86_64' LDFLAGS='-O3 -arch i386 -arch x86_64' CXXFLAGS='-O3 -fno-common -arch i386 -arch x86_64' ./configure --disable-dependency-tracking
    make -j6
    make install

    cd /work
    wget http://us.php.net/get/php-5.3.6.tar.gz/from/nl.php.net/mirror
    tar xfvz php-5.3.6.tar.gz
    cd /work/php-5.3.6/ext/mcrypt
    /usr/bin/phpize
    MACOSX_DEPLOYMENT_TARGET=10.7 CFLAGS='-O3 -fno-common -arch i386 -arch x86_64' LDFLAGS='-O3 -arch i386 -arch x86_64' CXXFLAGS='-O3 -fno-common -arch i386 -arch x86_64' ./configure --with-php-config=/Developer/SDKs/MacOSX10.7.sdk/usr/bin/php-config
    make -j6
    make install
    sudo apachectl restart
    extension=mcrypt.so

    ======= logwatch =======
    cd /work
    wget http://sourceforge.net/projects/logwatch/files/logwatch-7.4.0/logwatch-7.4.0.tar.gz
    tar xfvz logwatch-7.4.0.tar.gz
    cd /work/logwatch-7.4.0

    bash install_logwatch.sh

    ======= pflogsumm =======
    cd /work
    wget http://linxnet.com/downloads/pflogsumm-1.1.1.tar.gz
    tar xfvz pflogsumm-1.1.1.tar.gz
    cd /work/pflogsumm-1.1.1

    cp pflogsumm.pl /usr/local/bin/pflogsumm
    chown root:wheel /usr/local/bin/pflogsumm
    chmod 755 /usr/local/bin/pflogsumm

    mkdir /usr/local/man/man1/
    cp pflogsumm.1 /usr/local/man/man1/pflogsumm.1
    chown root:wheel /usr/local/man/man1/pflogsumm.1
    chmod 644 /usr/local/man/man1/pflogsumm.1

    ======= squid =======
    cd /work
    wget http://www.squid-cache.org/Versions/v3/3.1/squid-3.1.15.tar.gz
    tar xfvz squid-3.1.15.tar.gz
    cd /work/squid-3.1.15
    ./configure --enable-ssl --enable-delay-pools

    cd /work
    wget http://sourceforge.net/projects/sarg/files/sarg/sarg-2.3.1/sarg-2.3.1.tar.gz
    tar xfvz sarg-2.3.1.tar.gz
    cd /work/sarg-2.3.1
    ./configure
    make
    make install

    ======= PHP Imap =======
    cd /work
    wget http://ftp.ntua.gr/pub/net/mail/imap/imap-2007f.tar.gz
    tar xfvz imap-2007f.tar.gz

    mv /work/imap-2007f /usr/local/imap-2007
    cd /usr/local/imap-2007
    make osx
    sudo cp c-client/c-client.a c-client/libc-client.a

    cd /work
    tar xfvz php-5.3.6.tar.gz
    cd /work/php-5.3.6/ext/imap
    phpize
    ./configure --with-imap=/usr/local/imap-2007 --with-kerberos --with-imap-ssl
    make
    cp modules/imap.so /usr/lib/php/extensions/no-debug-non-zts-20090626/

    add extension=imap.so
    to php.ini

    ======= webmin/usermin/virtualmin =======
    cd /work
    wget: http://sourceforge.net/projects/webadmin/files/webmin/1.570/webmin-1.570.tar.gz
    tar xfvz webmin-1.570.tar.gz
    cd /work/webmin-1.570
    ./setup.sh
    admin username: root
    pass: use your root password

    cd /work
    wget http://sourceforge.net/projects/webadmin/files/usermin/1.490/usermin-1.490.tar.gz
    tar xfvz usermin-webmail-1.480.tar.gz
    cd /work/usermin-webmail-1.480
    ./setup.sh

    Open webmin website and install virtualmin server + virtualmin server template
    wget http://download.webmin.com/download/virtualmin/virtual-server-3.89.gpl.wbm.gz
    wget http://download.webmin.com/download/virtualmin/virtual-server-theme-8.1.wbt.gz

    In webmin, these two modules are hard to find on the internet.
    download and install wbmclamav-0.14.wbm.gz
    download and install amavisd_1.8-for-amavisdV2.038.wbm

     

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    1. MacMini Server 2011 Part IV

      On request, I did get many requests for this section, hereby the uncut version of Part IV: Settings. Still need to rewrite and change information, but that's for later.


      Part IV: Settings.

      ======= Webmin ========
      Post-Installation Wizard
      - Install Virtualmin
      - Install Virtualmin template
      - DNS need to setup,
      - PostgreSQL
      - MySQL

      goto your webmin url in safari or firefox.
      https://your.givenname.com:10000
      login with root and root password

      click on webmin, at the left. -> webmin configuration.
      click on webmin modules and select + install virtualmin
      Click on Return to Webmin configuration
      click on Webmin Themes -> Install theme
      click on Return to themes list
      select virtualmin template and click on change...

      page will reload and will be shown the new template.
      Click on webmin, left top
      click on "servers" from the left menu
      clcik on BIND DNS Server

      ======== DNS ========
      DNS module Configuration
      Display options:
      Reverse zone must exist? yes
      Zone file options:
      Serial number style: Date based (YYYYMMDDnn)

      DNS Configuration:
      Addresses and Topology
      Ports and addresses: Listed below
      Port number: 53
      Addresses: any

      Zone Defaults
      Allow transfers from.. default
      Refresh time: 10800
      Expiry time: 1209600
      Transfer retry time: 3600
      Negative cache time: 10800
      Default email address: email addes your like to use
      Default nameserver for master domains: ns01.servername.com
      and press save.

      than create an default master zone of the domain used for your host name.
      (this domain name will also be used for name server. aka mailserver)
      It should look like this.

      $ttl 10800
      domainname.com. IN SOA ns01.domainname.com. info.domainname.com. (
      2011102600
      10800
      3600
      1209600
      10800 )
      domainname.com. IN A xx.xx.xx.xx
      www.domainname.com. IN A xx.xx.xx.xx
      mail.domainname.com. IN A xx.xx.xx.xx
      ftp.domainname.com. IN A xx.xx.xx.xx
      ns01.domainname.com. 14400 IN A xx.xx.xx.xx
      ns02.domainname.com. 14400 IN A xx.xx.xx.xx
      domainname.com. 86400 IN NS ns01.domainname.com.
      domainname.com. 86400 IN NS ns02.domainname.com.
      domainname.com. IN MX 10 mail.domainname.com.

      Now goto your domain rigistar and add at the dns section
      ns01.yourdomain.com - IP address here
      ns02.yourdomain.com - IP address here
      it can take upto 24 hours before it's progressed.
      (depending on the domain rigistar you use)

      ======== PostgreSQL ========
      If you not already done it by now. start server and let it load.
      than quit the server (PostgreSQL will be configured and activated now)

      under unused modules at the right pick, PostgreSQL
      click on module configure

      Options:
      Administrator login: _postgres
      password: set password to your root password.

      System configuration:
      Path to psql command: /usr/bin/psql
      Path to PostgreSQL shared libraries: /usr/lib/postgresql
      Initial PostgreSQL database: template1
      Command to start PostgreSQL: su _postgres -c "/usr/bin/pg_ctl -D/private/var/pgsql"
      Path to postmaster PID file: /private/var/pgsql/postmaster.pid
      Paths to host access config file: /private/var/pgsql/pg_hba.conf
      Path to pg_dump command: /usr/bin/pg_dump
      Path to pg_restore command: /usr/bin/pg_restore
      press save and PostgreSQL webinterface is loading..

      ======== MySQL ========
      under server, click on MySQL
      enter your password.
      press save
      Click on Module Config -> system configure
      Path to mysqld command: /usr/local/mysql/bin/mysqld
      Click on save

      Mysql is done.

      ======== Post-Installation Wizard ========
      press on system information left bottom.

      Post-Installation Wizard
      Preload Virtualmin libraries? Yes
      Run MySQL database server? Yes
      Run PostgreSQL database server? Yes
      Change MySQL password Leave un-changed
      DNS: keep your hostname as main.
      enter as 2nd your ns02.#censored#
      (if you get an error, restart dns and try again)
      Password storage mode: store plain-text passwords

      ======== setting up continue webmin and virtualmin ========
      Before we set the other settings, first install all needed modules first.

      http://software.virtualmin.com/gpl/wbm/
      Module php pear: http://software.virtualmin.com/gpl/wbm/php-pear-1.5.wbm.gz
      Module Ruby GEMS: http://software.virtualmin.com/gpl/wbm/ruby-gems-1.4.wbm.gz
      virtualmin-dav: http://software.virtualmin.com/gpl/wbm/virtualmin-dav-3.5.wbm.gz
      virtualmin-awstats: http://software.virtualmin.com/gpl/wbm/virtualmin-awstats-4.6.wbm.gz
      virtual-server-mobile: http://software.virtualmin.com/gpl/wbm/virtual-server-mobile-2.4.wbt.gz
      virtualmin-svn: http://software.virtualmin.com/gpl/wbm/virtualmin-svn-4.9.wbm.gz
      virtualmin-htpasswd: http://software.virtualmin.com/gpl/wbm/virtualmin-htpasswd-2.5.wbm.gz

      amavisd: I have a rare copy... only downloadable from our site.
      Webmin -> webmin -> webmin configuration -> Webmin Modules

      ======== Feature or Plugin ========
      Our coal:

      Feature or Plugin
      + Administration user
      + Home directory
      + BIND DNS domain
      + Mail for domain
      + Apache website
      + Webalizer reporting
      + SSL website
      + Log file rotation
      + MySQL database
      + PostgreSQL database
      + ProFTPd virtual FTP
      - Spam filtering
      - Virus filtering
      + Webmin login
      + AWstats reporting Plugin
      + DAV Login Plugin

      Spam and virus will be handled by AwavisD-New and Clam Antivirus

      ======== PRO FTP ========
      webmin -> Un-used Modules -> proftp -> module config

      ProFTP:
      Path to ProFTPD config file: /usr/local/proftpd/etc/proftpd.conf
      Path to ProFTPD executable: /usr/local/proftpd/sbin/proftpd
      Path to ProFTPD PID file:/usr/local/proftpd/var/proftpd.pid
      Path to ftpusers file None (was /etc/ftpusers)

      Before we can start ProFTPD, we need to make some OS X specific adjustments. Go ahead and open up the "ProFTPD Server" module under the "Servers" section. Select the "Edit Config Files" option. Look for the line that has the comment "Set the user and group under which the server will run." and comment out the next two lines so it looks like this:

      # Set the user and group under which the server will run.
      #User nobody
      #Group nogroup
      Click the "Save" button to return to the main menu. By now you should have a functional FTP server. However, thier are a couple of "tweaks" I like to do to make things work a little better. Lets start by removing the login delay.

      Click on "Networking Options" in the ProFTPD module's main menu.
      Change the "Do reverse DNS lookups of client" option to "No".
      Change the "Lookup remote ident username" option to "No".
      PASV port range: 60000 - 65535
      Click "Save" to save and return to the main menu.

      Lets allow the use of "CHMOD":
      In the main menu, under "Virtual Servers" click "Default server".
      Under "Per-directory and Per-command options" click "Commands SITE_CHMOD".
      Click "Access Control".
      Change the "Access Control Policy" option to "Allow all clients".
      Click "SITE_CHMOD".
      set FTP commands to All (or just what you like)

      Click "Save" to save. Then click "return to main menu".

      Limit Users to Home Directory:
      Click on "Files and Directoriess" in the main menu.
      Change the "Limit users to directories" option to "Home Directory".
      Click "Save" to save and return to the main menu".

      To avoid hack attacks, change the port number of proftp.
      I changed it from port 21 to XXXX (pick your own number)
      I also disabled anonymous ftp.

      Download config file.....

      -----> proftp settings file bijsluiten
      Starting ProFTPD Automaticly on Boot
      You probably want ProFTPD to start automaticly on boot instead of having to start it up manually each time. To setup an OS X startup item, just use Webmin.

      Open up Webmin, and go to the "Bootup and Shutdown" module under the "System" menu.
      Click on "Add a new bootup action script".
      Action Name: PROFTPD
      Script name: PROFTPD
      Bootup Commands: /usr/local/proftpd/sbin/proftpd
      Description: ProFTPD
      Provides: FTP
      Start Message: Starting ProFTPD
      Stop Message: Stopping ProFTPD
      Start at boot time?: Yes
      Click "Create"

      Shell /bin/false for FTP users is not included in /etc/shells, which may prevent FTP access.
      Create a group names ftp

      ======== SSH Server - OpenSSH_5.6 ========
      Authentication:
      Allow authentication by password? No
      Allow login by root? No (before server setup - yes)
      Allow RSA (SSH 1) authentication? no

      Networking:
      Listen on port XXXX (pick your own number)
      Accept protocols SSH v2
      Deny members of groups deniedssh (create this group)

      User SSH Key Setup
      Setup SSH key for new Unix users? yes

      Host SSH Keys
      Create a ssh_host_key.pub, ssh_host_rsa_key.pub and ssh_host_dsa_key.pub
      under /private/etc/
      Use provided script (sh sshd-key-gen)

      Client Host Options
      Edit Host Options
      Port to connect to xxxxx (your own unique number here)
      Number of connection attempts 2
      Try SSH protocols 2 only

      Start server
      If you're not able to connect to ssh server, add Port XXXX (pick your own number)
      to the config file. (sometimes it won't copy from the settings)

      Open up Webmin, and go to the "Bootup and Shutdown" module under the "System" menu.
      Click on "Add a new bootup action script".
      Action Name: OPENSSH
      Script name: OPENSSH
      Bootup Commands: /usr/sbin/sshd
      Description: OpenSSH
      Provides: SSH
      Start Message: Starting OpenSSH
      Stop Message: Stopping OpenSSH
      Start at boot time?: Yes

      ======== SSH Server - SSH Login ========
      Other -> SSH Login:
      Module config.
      Port to connect to: XXXX (pick your own number)

      ======== Amavisd-new ========
      Path to AMaViSD-new amavisd: /usr/bin/amavisd
      Path to AMaViSD-new amavisd.conf: /etc/amavisd.conf
      Path to PID-File: /var/amavis/amavsid.pid
      default Domain: domainname.com
      Path to Amavis Start file: /etc/init.d/amavisd

      ======== Clam Antivirus ========
      Configuration category: ClamAV
      ClamAV system user: _clamav
      ClamAV system group: _clamav
      Daemon init script path: /usr/sbin/clamd
      Logfile path: /var/log/clamav.log
      Configuration file path: /etc/clamd.conf
      Main virus signatures database path: /var/clamav/main.cld
      Daily virus signatures database path: /var/clamav/daily.cvd

      Configuration category: Freshclam
      Configuration file path: /etc/freshclam.conf
      Logfile path: /var/log/freshclam.log
      Daemon init script path: /etc/cron.daily/freshclam

      Press save
      Than press backup

      ======== AWstats ========
      AWstats configuration directory: /Library/WebServer/awstats/wwwroot/cgi-bin/
      Full path to AWstats program:/Library/WebServer/awstats/wwwroot/cgi-bin/awstats.pl
      Full path to AWstats icons directory: /Library/WebServer/awstats/wwwroot/icon
      Full path to AWstats lang directory: /Library/WebServer/awstats/wwwroot/cgi-bin/lang
      Full path to AWstats lib directory: /Library/WebServer/awstats/wwwroot/cgi-bin/lib
      Full path to AWstats plugins directory: /Library/WebServer/awstats/wwwroot/cgi-bin/plugins

      ======== CVS Server ========
      Just click, "Initialize Repository" than "Setup"

      ======== Webalizer Logfile Analysis ========
      Configurable options:
      Automatically include logfiles from: Apache, Squid, ProFTPd

      System configuration:
      Path to webalizer command: /usr/local/bin/webalizer
      Path to webalizer configuration file: /usr/local/etc/webalizer.conf
      Sample webalizer configuration file: /usr/local/etc/webalizer.conf.sample

      ======== PHP manage ========
      Resource Limits:
      Maximum memory allocation 512M
      Maximum file upload size 64M
      Maximum input parsing time 360
      Maximum HTTP POST size 64M
      Maximum execution time 360

      Error Logging:
      Expression for error types: E_ALL & ~E_NOTICE

      Other Settings:
      Allow PHP scripts starting with <? ? YES

      ======== PHP Manuel ========
      [apc]
      extension="/usr/local/Cellar/apc/3.1.9/apc.so"
      apc.enabled=1
      apc.shm_segments=1
      apc.shm_size=256M
      apc.ttl=7200
      apc.user_ttl=7200
      apc.num_files_hint=1024
      apc.mmap_file_mask=/tmp/apc.XXXXXX
      apc.enable_cli=1

      [memcache]
      extension="/usr/local/Cellar/memcache-php/2.2.6/memcache.so"

      [suhosin]
      extension=suhosin.so

      [oauth]
      extension=oauth.so

      [mcrypt]
      extension=mcrypt.so

      [imap]
      extension=imap.so

      [ffmpeg]
      extension=ffmpeg.so


      ======== Perl ========
      Suggested Modules: Click install Selected Modules ans all will be included (small glidsh in webmin)

      ======== Log File Rotation ========
      webmin -> Un-used Modules -> Log File Rotation
      Path to logrotate configuration file: /usr/local/etc/logrotate.conf
      Path to logrotate program: /usr/local/sbin/logrotate

      ======== Amavisd ========
      #@local_domains_maps = ( [".$mydomain"] ); # list of all local domains
      @local_domains_maps = ( read_hash("/var/amavis/local_domains") );

      into

      @local_domains_maps = ( [".$mydomain"] ); # list of all local domains
      #@local_domains_maps = ( read_hash("/var/amavis/local_domains") );

      forward_method => 'smtp:[127.0.0.1]:10027',
      into
      forward_method => 'smtp:[127.0.0.1]:10025',

      uncomment $virus_admin if you would like to reseive emails (what's going on spam/virus wize)

      # $myhostname = 'host.example.com'; # must be a fully-qualified domain name!
      into
      $myhostname = 'space09.domainname.com'; # must be a fully-qualified domain name!


      ======== postgrey ========
      Open up Webmin, and go to the "Bootup and Shutdown" module under the "System" menu.
      Click on "Add a new bootup action script".
      Action Name: POSTGREY
      Script name: POSTGREY
      Bootup Commands: /var/spool/postfix/postgrey/postgrey --inet=10023 -d --user=postgrey --group=postgrey
      Description: POSTGREY
      Provides: filter
      Start Message: Starting postgrey
      Stop Message: Stopping postgrey
      Start at boot time?: Yes
      Click "Create"

      /etc/postfix/main.cf

      Change:
      smtpd_recipient_restrictions = reject_unauth_pipelining,reject_non_fqdn_recipient,reject_unknown_recipient_domain,permit_mynetworks,permit_sasl_authenticated permit_auth_destination,reject_unauth_destination,check_sender_access hash:/etc/postfix/sender_access,reject_rbl_client bl.spamcop.net,reject_rbl_client list.dsbl.org,reject_rbl_client zen.spamhaus.org,permit

      Into:

      smtpd_recipient_restrictions = reject_unauth_pipelining,reject_non_fqdn_recipient,reject_unknown_recipient_domain,permit_mynetworks,permit_sasl_authenticated permit_auth_destination,reject_unauth_destination,check_sender_access hash:/etc/postfix/sender_access,reject_rbl_client bl.spamcop.net,reject_rbl_client list.dsbl.org,reject_rbl_client zen.spamhaus.org,check_policy_service inet:127.0.0.1:10023

      ======== mail server ========
      check to see if your mailserver is running as should be
      http://www.mxtoolbox.com/

      Check your DNS
      http://www.intodns.com/

      ======== Webmin -> system ==========
      Apache Webserver

      Processes and Limits:
      Maximum requests per server process: 0
      Minimum spare server processes: 5
      Maximum spare server processes: 10
      Initial server processes: 5

      SSL Options:
      Fixed password: (pick a password for later on)

      Default Server: Virtual Server Options

      Directory Indexing:
      Directory index files
      index.html
      index.htm
      index.shtml
      index.php
      index.php4
      index.php5
      index.pl
      index.cgi

      SSL Options: Generate a .crt and .key file

      Step 1: Generate a Private Key

      The openssl toolkit is used to generate an RSA Private Key and CSR (Certificate Signing Request). It can also be used to generate self-signed certificates which can be used for testing purposes or internal usage.

      The first step is to create your RSA Private Key. This key is a 1024 bit RSA key which is encrypted using Triple-DES and stored in a PEM format so that it is readable as ASCII text.

      openssl genrsa -des3 -out server.key 1024

      Generating RSA private key, 1024 bit long modulus
      .........................................................++++++
      ........++++++
      e is 65537 (0x10001)
      Enter PEM pass phrase:
      Verifying password - Enter PEM pass phrase:

      Step 2: Generate a CSR (Certificate Signing Request)

      Once the private key is generated a Certificate Signing Request can be generated. The CSR is then used in one of two ways. Ideally, the CSR will be sent to a Certificate Authority, such as Thawte or Verisign who will verify the identity of the requestor and issue a signed certificate. The second option is to self-sign the CSR, which will be demonstrated in the next section.

      During the generation of the CSR, you will be prompted for several pieces of information. These are the X.509 attributes of the certificate. One of the prompts will be for "Common Name (e.g., YOUR name)". It is important that this field be filled in with the fully qualified domain name of the server to be protected by SSL. If the website to be protected will be https://public.akadia.com, then enter public.akadia.com at this prompt. The command to generate the CSR is as follows:

      openssl req -new -key server.key -out server.csr

      Country Name (2 letter code) [GB]:CH
      State or Province Name (full name) [Berkshire]:Bern
      Locality Name (eg, city) [Newbury]:Oberdiessbach
      Organization Name (eg, company) [My Company Ltd]:Akadia AG
      Organizational Unit Name (eg, section) []:Information Technology
      Common Name (eg, your name or your server's hostname) []:public.akadia.com
      Email Address []:martin dot zahn at akadia dot ch
      Please enter the following 'extra' attributes
      to be sent with your certificate request
      A challenge password []:
      An optional company name []:

      Step 3: Remove Passphrase from Key

      One unfortunate side-effect of the pass-phrased private key is that Apache will ask for the pass-phrase each time the web server is started. Obviously this is not necessarily convenient as someone will not always be around to type in the pass-phrase, such as after a reboot or crash. mod_ssl includes the ability to use an external program in place of the built-in pass-phrase dialog, however, this is not necessarily the most secure option either. It is possible to remove the Triple-DES encryption from the key, thereby no longer needing to type in a pass-phrase. If the private key is no longer encrypted, it is critical that this file only be readable by the root user! If your system is ever compromised and a third party obtains your unencrypted private key, the corresponding certificate will need to be revoked. With that being said, use the following command to remove the pass-phrase from the key:

      cp server.key server.key.org
      openssl rsa -in server.key.org -out server.key

      The newly created server.key file has no more passphrase in it.

      -rw-r--r-- 1 root root 745 Jun 29 12:19 server.csr
      -rw-r--r-- 1 root root 891 Jun 29 13:22 server.key
      -rw-r--r-- 1 root root 963 Jun 29 13:22 server.key.org

      Step 4: Generating a Self-Signed Certificate

      At this point you will need to generate a self-signed certificate because you either don't plan on having your certificate signed by a CA, or you wish to test your new SSL implementation while the CA is signing your certificate. This temporary certificate will generate an error in the client browser to the effect that the signing certificate authority is unknown and not trusted.

      To generate a temporary certificate which is good for 365 days, issue the following command:

      openssl x509 -req -days 365 -in server.csr -signkey server.key -out server.crt
      Signature ok
      subject=/C=CH/ST=Bern/L=Oberdiessbach/O=Akadia AG/OU=Information
      Technology/CN=public.akadia.com/Email=martin dot zahn at akadia dot ch
      Getting Private key

      Step 5: Installing the Private Key and Certificate

      When Apache with mod_ssl is installed, it creates several directories in the Apache config directory. The location of this directory will differ depending on how Apache was compiled.

      cp server.crt /usr/local/apache/conf/ssl.crt
      cp server.key /usr/local/apache/conf/ssl.key

      Step 6: Configuring SSL Enabled Virtual Hosts

      SSLEngine on
      SSLCertificateFile /usr/local/apache/conf/ssl.crt/server.crt
      SSLCertificateKeyFile /usr/local/apache/conf/ssl.key/server.key
      SetEnvIf User-Agent ".*MSIE.*" nokeepalive ssl-unclean-shutdown
      CustomLog logs/ssl_request_log \
      "%t %h %{SSL_PROTOCOL}x %{SSL_CIPHER}x \"%r\" %b"

      Step 7: Restart Apache and Test

      apachectl stop
      apachectl start


      ======== check system configuration ========
      Bind ok....
      Postfix ok....
      Suexec, need to be changed.
      (Virtualmin -> Virtualmin configuration -> defaults for new domain. enter /home2 -> press save

      Bind ok....
      Postfix ok....
      Apache ok....
      Mysql ok....
      PostgreSQL ok....
      Logrotate ok....

      All is running, but we are not done yet.
      Now we will configure webmin and virtualmin.

      ======== Webmin ==========
      webmin -> Webmin Configuration
      start at boot time: yes

      Trusted Referrers:
      Referrer checking enabled? yes
      Trust links from unknown referrers: yes

      Authentication:
      Support full PAM conversations? yes
      Use MD5 encryption for Webmin passwords (allows long passwords) YES

      ======== Webmin -> system ==========
      Disk Quotas, turn it on on the HD where your system runs on

      ======== Webmin -> system ==========
      Historic System Statistics: turn it on or leave it off. (

      ======== Webmin -> Usermin Configuration ==========
      install Usermin -> Un-used Modules -> Usermin Configuration -> click on "install Usermin"

      webmin -> Usermin Configuration
      start at boot time: yes

      Authentication:
      Enable session authentication: yes
      Always require username and password: yes
      Support full PAM conversations? yes

      Available Modules:
      select you want to Usermin

      Access Control Options:
      Root directory for file chooser: User's home directory

      DAV Server:
      DAV enabled? Enabled
      Allow access to directory: User's home directory

      Restart usermin.

      ======== Webmin - Usermin -> PAM ==========
      PAM Authentication:
      cp /work/usermin-webmail-1.480/usermin-pam-osx /etc/pam.d/usermin
      cp /etc/pam.d/usermin /etc/pam.d/webmin
      For Dovecot
      cp /etc/pam.d/usermin /etc/pam.d/dovecot
      Open /etc/pam.d/dovecot and replace current listing with:

      # dovecot: auth account password session
      auth required pam_nologin.so
      auth sufficient pam_securityserver.so
      auth sufficient pam_unix.so
      auth required pam_deny.so
      account required pam_permit.so
      password required pam_deny.so
      session required pam_uwtmp.so

      ======== Webmin -> Usermin -> Usermin Configuration ==========
      Read mail:
      Mail storage format for Inbox: Qmail style
      Sendmail mail file location: ~${USER}/Maildir

      PostgreSQL Database:
      Path to psql command: /usr/bin/psql
      Path to PostgreSQL shared libraries: /usr/lib/postgresql
      Path to pg_dump command: /usr/bin/pg_dump
      Path to pg_restore command: /usr/bin/pg_restore
      Only show databases owned by user? yes

      SSH Login:
      Port number for SSH: XXXX (pick your own number)

      Upload and Download:
      Limit uploads and downloads to home directory? yes

      ======== Virtualmin -> System Settings -> Features and Plugins ==========
      Select all except "Spam filtering" and "virus filtering" We use our own (remember)

      ======== Virtualmin -> System Settings -> Server Templates ==========
      mkdir /etc/skel
      I moved my own under construction html files to it.
      The moment a new accounts has been created the under construction page is shown by default.

      Default Settings:
      Home directory: Substitute variables in contents? Yes

      Bind DNS domain:
      Custom TTL: 10800
      Create new domains in view: com.apple.ServerAdmin.DNS....
      Add SPF DNS record? Yes
      Does SPF record cover all senders? yes

      Mail for domain:
      Email message to send upon server creation: Message below ..
      Default quota for mail users: Unlimited

      Apache Website:
      Directives and settings for new websites:

      ServerName ${DOM}
      ServerAlias www.${DOM}
      DocumentRoot ${HOME}/public_html
      ErrorLog /var/log/virtualmin/${DOM}_error_log
      CustomLog /var/log/virtualmin/${DOM}_access_log combined
      ScriptAlias /cgi-bin/ ${HOME}/public_html/cgi-bin/
      DirectoryIndex index.html index.htm index.php index.php4 index.php5
      <.Directory ${HOME}/public_html>
      Options FollowSymLinks
      AllowOverride all
      Order allow,deny
      Allow from all
      <./Directory>
      <.Directory ${HOME}/public_html/cgi-bin>
      Options FollowSymLinks +ExecCGI
      AddHandler cgi-script .cgi .pl
      Allow from all
      <./Directory>

      Configure Webmin to use same SSL cert for IP? Yes
      Configure Usermin to use same SSL cert for IP? Yes
      PHP configuration variables for scripts: memory_limit 256M

      Webmin Login:
      Webmin group for domain owners: hosting

      ======== Virtualmin -> System Settings -> Account Plans ==========

      You may create what you want here.
      I'll add a "Pro Plan" with all on unlimited

      ======== Virtualmin -> System Settings -> Virtualmin Configuration ==========
      User interface settings:
      Columns to show: pick your own
      Feature columns to show: pick your own
      Show mailbox size in users list? Yes
      Allow editing of limits when creating server? Yes

      Defaults for new domains:
      Home directory base: /Users

      Actions upon Server and User creation:
      Notify other modules when updating server administrator Unix users? yes
      Notify other modules when updating mailbox Unix users? Yes
      Add users with no SSH access to deniedssh group? yes

      Advanced Options:
      Delete all email aliases when disabling mail? Yes
      Allow creation of sub-domains? Yes

      ======== Un-used Modules -> squid ==========
      Module configuration: _ options
      Encryption method for proxy passwords: md5base64

      system conf:
      Full path to squid config file: /usr/local/etc/squid.conf
      Squid executable: /usr/local/sbin/squid
      Full path to PID file: /usr/local/var/run/squid.pid
      Full path to squid cache directory: /usr/local/var/cache
      Squid cachemgr.cgi executable: /usr/local/Cellar/squid/3.1.9/libexec/cachemgr.cgi
      Full path to squid log directory: /usr/local/var/logs
      Path to squidclient program: /usr/local/bin/squidclient

      ======== Squid Report Generator ========
      Module configuration.

      Full path to sarg executable: /usr/local/bin/sarg
      Full path to SARG configuration file: /usr/local/etc/sarg.conf

      ======== Apple OSX settings ========
      chmod 777 /Library/Logs

      ======== Web server ========
      There are 2 ways to setup apache. I choose to use the default settings of apache to work well with webmin.

      Specific setup for use with server.app is easy accomplish.
      Both instruction will be posted on a later stage.

      ======== Mail server ========
      A complete solution will be provided. Stay tuned.
      (Below is the raw version, for those who requested.)

      ======== Dovecot IMAP/POP3 Server ========
      We will configure the mail our selves, but to get all config files created
      please launge "Admin Server" add mail and start the mail server. This will generate all files we need. (stop the mail server when generation is done)

      Dovecot server program: /usr/sbin/dovecotd
      Full path to Dovecot configuration file: /etc/dovecot/dovecot.conf
      Dovecot server PID file: /var/run/dovecot/master.pid

      Mail Files:
      Mail file location: Inbox and folders in ~/Maildir
      UIDL format: %08Xu%08Xv

      ======== Postfix Mail Server ========
      The message "group or other writable" means that another user (not the owner) is able to write. You can fix it with chmod. Example to remove group write permissions

      $ sudo chmod g-w /Library/Server/Mail/Data/mta

      Suggest to create a backup of /etc/postfix /etc/dovecot and /etc/apache2
      cd /etc
      /Developer/Tools/CpMac -r apache2 "apache2 backup"
      /Developer/Tools/CpMac -r postfix "postfix backup"
      /Developer/Tools/CpMac -r dovecot "dovecot backup"

      While it's possible to write all steps by hand, I decided to attach the config files.
      (change my files and copy them to the ment folders. i'll explain during the process)

      after copy:
      chown root:wheel /private/etc/postfix/*
      chmod g-w /var/lib/postfix

      cd /etc/postfix
      postmap hash:access
      postmap hash:transport
      postmap hash:sender_access

      General Options:
      What domains to receive mail for: $myhostname
      Network interfaces for receiving mail: All
      Local internet domain name: Default
      Mail queue directory: /var/spool/postfix
      rm -r /var/spool/postfix
      mkdir /var/spool/postfix

      Mail Aliases:
      Alias databases used by the local delivery agent: Map specifications: hash:/etc/postfix/aliases

      Canonical Mapping:
      Tables for recipient addresses: No map set

      Virtual Domains:
      Domain mapping lookup tables: hash:/etc/postfix/virtual

      Transport Mapping:
      Transport mapping lookup tables: Map specifications: hash:/etc/postfix/smtproutes

      Header Checks:
      Example header checks

      Body Checks:
      Message body checking tables: Map specifications: pcre:/etc/postfix/custom_body_checks
      Example body checks

      Local Delivery:
      Home-relative pathname of user mailbox file: Maildir/
      External command to use instead of mailbox delivery: /usr/libexec/dovecot/deliver
      Optional actual transport to use: None

      SMTP Server Options:
      Timeout in seconds for SMTP transactions: 300s
      Disable SMTP VRFY command: Yes
      Error count for closing connection: 20
      Restrictions on sends in HELO commands: permit_mynetworks,check_helo_access hash:/etc/postfix/access,permit_auth_destination,permit_sasl_authenticated,reject_non_fqdn_hostname,reject_invalid_hostname,permit
      Restrictions on sender addresses: permit_sasl_authenticated,permit_mynetworks,permit_auth_destination,reject_non_fqdn_sender,reject_unknown_sender_domain,permit
      Restrictions on recipient addresses: reject_unauth_pipelining,reject_non_fqdn_recipient,reject_unknown_recipient_domain,permit_mynetworks,permit_sasl_authenticated,permit_auth_destination,reject_unauth_destination,check_sender_access hash:/etc/postfix/sender_access,permit
      cd /etc/postfix
      postmap hash:sender_access
      postmap hash:access

      SMTP Authentication And Encryption:
      Handle non-compliant SMTP clients?: yes
      SMTP security options: none

      SMTP Client Restrictions:
      Client restrictions: Postfix default (allow all clients) (all off)

      Edit main.cf
      data_directory = /var/lib/postfix
      rm /var/lib/postfix
      mkdir /var/lib/postfix
      chown _postfix /var/lib/postfix
      Show main.cf file (example domainnames)

      ==> virtual_transport = lmtp:unix:/var/imap/socket/lmtp

      Edit greylist.pl (/usr/libexec/postfix/greylist.pl)
      change: /Library/Server/Mail/Data/mta/
      into: /var/lib/postfix/

      Edit Master.cf:
      Show master.cf file (example domainnames)

       

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    1. Happy New Year

      All the best wishes for 2012.

      Coming Up:
      - New blog about webmin/virtualmin on a MacMini 2011 server model.
      - New service that will blow your mind.

       

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    1. Memcache vs APC cache in PHP

      I often see this question asked; which is a better caching mechanism for PHP: Memcache or APC cache. I wanted to write about how different both of them are inherently in their very concept.

      Memcache for PHP is a distributed caching mechanism. If you have several webservers running under a load balancer serving the same content and you want a caching mechanism to avoid frequent database hits , Memcache is the way to go. When using Memcache you will make the update to one webserver and it would be auto-replicated across all the severs through distributed caching mechanism. Since it requires dealing with network protocols in order to support the distributed part of caching, it is slower compared to APC cache. If data is stored in APC cache, updates need to be done individually on all APC caches on all web servers. They wont be automatically replicated.

      However, Memcached is NOT an Opcode cacher like APC. APC when employed will cache all the opcode the first time it is converted and serve the cached version for subsequent HTTP requests. APC can also be used to store data like Memcache but in a non-distributed manner. Most of the times memcache is used to store results of time consuming data queries, so the need to hit database on every query is eliminated and this gives a huge performance benefit.

      The good part of both these technologies, is that they are compatible with each other. A good design for scalable websites should be employing APC for opcode caching and data-caching through Memcache to exploit the distributed capabilities across several webservers. If there is just a single webserver, using just APC cache for both opcode and data caching is a good idea.

       

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      Leave a comment › Posted in: Daily

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    1. 0-24rod.nl live

      We designed and build the web for 0/24 Research & Organization Development

      0/24 advises organizations, provides change and interim management and conducts research in the public sector.

      Now online: http://www.0-24rod.nl

       

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